Effective Communication in Buddhist Counseling: A Meta-Analysis of Strategies and Their Impact
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64538/strategish.v1i1.5Keywords:
Buddhist Extension, Communication Strategies, Meta-Analysis, Religious Communication, Religious LiteracyAbstract
This meta-analysis examines the role of effective communication strategies in Buddhist religious extension services. Through a systematic review of 28 research articles published between 2017-2024, this study analyzes communication approaches employed by Buddhist extension officers and their impact on community religious understanding. The results demonstrate four key communication strategies: (1) contextual message adaptation; (2) integration of traditional and digital media; (3) implementation of dialogical approaches; and (4) development of community-based communication networks. The meta-analysis reveals that effective communication positively impacts religious literacy (r = 0.68), community participation (r = 0.57), sustainability of religious practices (r = 0.63), and social harmony (r = 0.49). Challenges identified include regional linguistic diversity, digital divide, limited communication training, and balancing tradition with innovation. This study concludes that a communication approach focused on audience adaptation, multi-channel integration, and participatory methods significantly enhances the effectiveness of Buddhist extension services. Recommendations include developing comprehensive communication training programs, establishing resource-sharing networks, utilizing digital platforms appropriately, and implementing regular evaluation mechanisms for communication effectiveness.
References
W. Bodhi, "Developing religious literacy through effective communication: A longitudinal study of Buddhist counseling programs," Journal of Religious Education, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 145-162, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/72nkp.
W. Bodhi, "Digital transformation of Buddhist extension during the COVID-19 pandemic," International Journal of Religious Studies, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 78-93, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/ijrs.v11i1.1025.
S. Bodhiratana, "Linguistic challenges in Buddhist extension: Bridging terminological gaps," Journal of Religious Communication, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 112-128, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24832/jrc.v9i2.3127.
M. Borenstein, L. V. Hedges, J. P. T. Higgins, and H. R. Rothstein, Introduction to meta-analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
T. Buddhawangso, "The relationship between communication satisfaction and community engagement in Buddhist congregations," Asian Journal of Religious Studies, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 245-261, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.15575/ajrs.v7i3.12944.
S. Dharmaditya, "Dialogical approaches in Buddhist extension: Moving beyond one-way communication," Jurnal Dharmasmrti, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 134-149, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.32795/ds.v19i2.1754.
P. Dharmakirti, "Evaluating Buddhist extension officer training: Content analysis and gap identification," Journal of Religious Leadership, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 87-102, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/jrl.v10i1.1178.
S. Dharmananda, "Communication strategies for promoting inter-religious harmony: Case studies from Buddhist extension in pluralistic communities," International Journal of Interfaith Dialogue, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 178-193, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24832/ijid.v8i2.3089.
S. Dharmapala, "Integrating Buddhist teachings with local wisdom: Communication challenges and opportunities," Journal of Religion and Culture, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 45-61, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.15575/jrc.v12i1.12784.
S. Dharmapala, "Between preservation and innovation: Navigating change in Buddhist extension communication," Buddhist Education Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 112-127, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.47059/bej.v5i1.227.
M. Dharmavati, "Communicating relevance: How extension officers connect Buddhist teachings to modern life," Journal of Contemporary Buddhism, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 67-82, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/jcb.v12i1.3217.
P. Dharmawangsa, "Measuring the impact of communication strategies on religious literacy: An experimental study with Buddhist communities," Religious Education Research Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 178-195, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/8unf2.
I. Dharmika, "Traditional and digital media integration in Buddhist extension: A case study from Bali," Journal of Religious Communication, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 56-72, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24832/jrc.v7i1.2917.
S. Duval and R. Tweedie, "Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis," Biometrics, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 455-463, 2000. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x.
Effective Public Health Practice Project, Quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Hamilton, ON: Effective Public Health Practice Project, 1998.
G. V. Glass, "Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research," Educational Researcher, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 3-8, 1976. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X005010003.
S. Gunawan, "Traditional versus digital media in Buddhist extension: A comparative experimental study," Asian Journal of Religious Communication, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 134-149, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/ajrc.v8i2.2137.
A. Halim, "Communication barriers in Buddhist extension: Identifying challenges and solutions," Journal of Religious Studies, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 78-93, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24832/jrs.v9i1.1015.
J. P. T. Higgins and S. G. Thompson, "Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis," Statistics in Medicine, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1539-1558, 2002. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186.
J. E. Hunter and F. L. Schmidt, Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2004.
M. Karuna, "Peer-to-peer religious learning networks in urban Buddhist communities," Journal of Buddhist Studies, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 156-172, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/jbs.v8i2.1234.
Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia, Panduan pelaksanaan penyuluhan agama. Direktorat Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Buddha, 2018.
P. Kusaladhamma, "Contextual adaptation of Buddhist teachings in extension services: Impact on community understanding and acceptance," Journal of Religious Education, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 45-61, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/7gkf9.
S. Mahayana, "The impact of communication training on Buddhist extension effectiveness," Journal of Religious Leadership, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 67-83, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/jrl.v8i1.1043.
B. Mahamitra, "Digital transformation challenges in Buddhist extension services," Journal of Religion in the Digital Age, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 112-128, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24832/jrda.v6i2.2318.
K. Maitri, "Language barriers in Buddhist extension: Comparative analysis of comprehension in national versus local languages," Journal of Religious Communication, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 145-161, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24832/jrc.v8i2.3071.
S. Mettacittaratana, "Participatory communication strategies and community engagement in Buddhist activities: A quasi-experimental study," Asian Journal of Religion and Society, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 89-105, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/ajrs.v11i1.1327.
P. Mettanando, "Socratic dialogue in Buddhist youth education: Fostering critical thinking and value internalization," Journal of Religious Pedagogy, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 123-139, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/9djn2.
B. Ñāṇamoli, The life of the Buddha: According to the Pali Canon. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1992.
R. A. Peterson and S. P. Brown, "On the use of beta coefficients in meta-analysis," Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 175-181, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.175.
D. Sangha, "Community-based communication networks in Buddhist minority areas: Building belonging and spiritual resilience," Journal of Minority Religions, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 78-94, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/jmr.v10i1.3198.
P. Santikaro, "Communicating Buddhist principles for social harmony: Extension strategies and interfaith engagement," Journal of Interreligious Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 145-161, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5vcnp.
D. Sucipto, "Menjaga Relevansi Pendidikan Agama Buddha di Era Digital," Jurnal Vidyāsenā, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 156-171, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/vidyasena.v9i2.1015.
A. Sukhavati, "Balancing tradition and innovation in Buddhist extension communication," Journal of Buddhist Studies, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 56-72, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/jbs.v11i1.1432.
T. Suryanto, "Effectiveness of contextual communication strategies in Buddhist extension," Jurnal Penyuluhan, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 78-93, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v17i1.35782.
B. Uttara, "The 'Dhamma ambassador' system: Expanding the reach of Buddhist extension through community networks," Journal of Religious Communication, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 56-72, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24832/jrc.v8i1.3017.
T. Wangmo, "Navigating between tradition and modernity: Communication dilemmas in contemporary Buddhist extension," Journal of Religion and Culture, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 178-194, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.15575/jrc.v12i2.12834.
D. Wijaya, "Integrating Buddhist principles with local wisdom: Communication strategies for rural Buddhist communities in Central Java," Jurnal Penyuluhan, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 134-149, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v15i2.25674.
D. Wijaya, "Cognitive and affective communication approaches in Buddhist extension: Impact on meditation practice sustainability," Journal of Buddhist Studies, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 78-94, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33506/jbs.v9i1.1276.
S. Wijoyo, "Digital exclusion in Buddhist extension: Age-related barriers to online religious engagement," Journal of Religion in the Digital Age, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 45-61, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24832/jrda.v8i1.3247.
I. Wirawan, "Challenges and opportunities in Buddhist extension services in Indonesia," Jurnal Dharmasmrti, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 89-104, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.32795/ds.v17i2.1645.
D. S. Wright, What is Buddhist enlightenment? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
